Amount to Plant – 2017
Planting – Carnivorous Plant Portion
2/13/2017
The carnivorous plant
portion of the 2017 Planting will cover 11 species or variations of those
species.
Table 1. Species used
in the carnivorous plant portion of the 2017 Planting.
Species
|
|
1
|
Dionaea muscipula
|
2
|
Drosera brevifolia
|
3
|
Drosera capillaris
|
4
|
Drosera filiformis
|
5
|
Drosera filiformis tracyi
|
6
|
Rhexia alifanus
|
7
|
Rhexia species unknown
|
8
|
Sarracenia minor
|
9
|
Sarracenia oreophila
|
10
|
Sarracenia rubra alabamensis
|
11
|
Utricularia subulata
|
I have assigned two
shelves for this portion with space to hold 144 cups. I looked into using
equations to determine power for this part of the experiment. Power doesn’t
really apply to this situation as I am not looking or testing for a difference
of anything. Power equations also used known values. I do not know those values
and they would have to be estimates. Although a well thought out power analysis
could help somewhere, it is beyond me, and I feel it unnecessary.
The amount of cups
assigned to each species was based on equal portions. I’ve mentioned this in
another write up: The result of 8 is a good suggestion. “In some disciplines,
group sizes of eight are almost universal and some referees may go so far as to
reject a paper which deviates from this norm,” (http://www.ebd.csic.es/documents/240051/0/Sample_size_and_power_analysis.pdf/bbe6cc3f-31a8-405f-9e2b-65b5edf3a881).
If I were to test the difference of any one the planting, I would probably test
between two species at a time, at least initially. At 8 cups per species, for 2
species, the resource equation is as follow: E = total sample – total
treatments. I enter the values: E = 16 – 2 = 14. The resource equation
suggestions an E value between 10 and 20. My result was 14, an acceptable
value.
Initial combinations
had me planting more of species I didn’t care about than Sarracenia, which is
the purpose of this planting. I rearranged the species and numbers and
developed a design. I then confirmed I had seeds for my designed.
Unfortunately, I did not have the seeds I had hoped. This led to developing a
new design. I mention this here so others make sure they know exactly how many
seeds they have before they perform a similar project. I’ve said this next part
before in other words in a write up: 1) Determine how many cups do I want to
appropriate to a species; 2) Determine how many seeds are available; 3) then combine
those findings to determine how many seeds per how many cups. Seems logical but
easy to get off track, yet you will have to address the issue. Do keep those
tips in mind.
Species
|
Abbreviation
|
144 cups
|
Sarracenia minor
|
SMF
|
8
|
Sarracenia minor
|
SMM
|
8
|
Sarracenia minor
|
SMS
|
8
|
Sarracenia minor
|
SMH
|
8
|
Sarracenia oreophila
|
SO
|
8
|
Sarracenia oreophila
|
SO-2
|
8
|
S. ...alabamensis
|
SA
|
8
|
S. ...alabamensis
|
SA-2
|
8
|
Dionaea muscipula
|
VFT
|
8
|
Rhexia unknown
|
RX
|
8
|
Rhexia alifanus
|
RXA
|
8
|
Drosera capillaris
|
DC
|
8
|
Drosera filiformis
|
DF
|
8
|
Utricularia subulata
|
US
|
8
|
Drosera filiformis tracyi
|
DT
|
2
|
Drosera brevifolia
|
DB
|
3
|
S. minor competition
|
*SMV2xRXAxDF
|
8
|
S. oreophila competition
|
*SOxRXAxDF
|
8
|
S. ...alabamensis competition
|
*SAxRXAxDF
|
8
|
Control
|
nothing
|
3
|
With the amount of cups
designated to species, I need to determine the amount of seeds per cups. I
performed this determination previously for the Baptisia portion of the 2017
Planting, and I will use a similar method in this portion. I consulted the
literature through a search of germination percent for the Sarracenia genus and
made a table.
Table 3. Literature
search results of Sarracenia germination.
Species
|
%
|
Citation
|
Type
|
S. purpurea
|
100%
|
Schwaegerle 1983
|
Cold 6 weeks
|
S. alata
|
80%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. alata
|
80%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. flava
|
80%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. purpurea var purpurea
|
80%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. purpurea var purpurea
|
80%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. purpurea
|
80%
|
Gotsch 1998
|
Cold 6 weeks, light
|
S. leucophylla
|
78%
|
Conner 2012
|
Cold 6 weeks, 7 month seed
|
S. leucophylla
|
75%
|
Conner 2012
|
Cold 4 weeks, 7 month seed
|
S. leucophylla
|
72%
|
Conner 2012
|
Cold 8 weeks, 7 month seed
|
S. alata
|
70%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. flava
|
70%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. minor
|
70%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
67%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. leucophylla
|
66%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. leucophylla
|
60%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. minor
|
60%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. flava
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. psittacina
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. psittacina
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. purpurea var purpurea
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. purpurea var venosa var burkii
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. purpurea var venosa var burkii
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. rubra
|
50%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
50%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. oreophila
|
50%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. purpurea
|
50%
|
Gotsch 1998
|
Cold 4 weeks, light
|
S. leucophylla
|
50%
|
Conner 2012
|
Winter screen bag in the field
|
S. oreophila
|
46%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. flava
|
44%
|
Sheridan 2000
|
Cold 6 weeks
|
S. flava
|
43%
|
Sheridan 2000
|
Cold 6 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
42%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. jonesii
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. jonesii
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
S. minor
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. psittacina
|
40%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 4 weeks
|
S. oreophila
|
40%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. oreophila
|
35%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. jonesii
|
30%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. rubra
|
30%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
26%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. rubra
|
25%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 5 weeks
|
Various crosses
|
23%
|
Sheridan 1997
|
Cold
|
S. flava
|
22%
|
Sheridan 2000
|
Cold 6 weeks
|
S. leucophylla
|
22%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. leucophylla
|
21%
|
Conner 2012
|
Cold 4 weeks, new seed
|
S. leucophylla
|
19%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. purpurea
|
15%
|
Gotsch 1998
|
Cold 6 weeks, dark
|
S. leucophylla
|
12%
|
Northcutt 2012
|
Chemical scarring, agar
|
S. alata
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. alata
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. jonesii
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. jonesii
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. leucophylla
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. purpurea var venosa var burkii
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Cold 2 weeks
|
S. rubra
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. rubra
|
10%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. purpurea
|
10%
|
Gotsch 1998
|
Cold 4 weeks, dark
|
S. flava
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. flava
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. leucophylla
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. minor
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. minor
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. psittacina
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. psittacina
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. purpurea var purpurea
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. purpurea var purpurea
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. purpurea var venosa var burkii
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
No treatment
|
S. purpurea var venosa var burkii
|
0%
|
Ellison 2001
|
Scarification
|
S. purpurea
|
0%
|
Gotsch 1998
|
No treatment
|
S. leucophylla
|
0%
|
Conner 2012
|
No treatment
|
Average
|
36%
|
From 73 different
experiments
|
|
Selecting cold treatment only
|
52%
|
From 41 different experiments
|
|
The simple literature search
resulted in more examples of Sarracenia germination experiments (73) than the
Baptisia (25) literature search. The average of Sarracenia seed germination
across those listed in the literature was 36%. This is a very rough percentage
just to develop a baseline. Most of the experiments are different and a direct
comparison with averaging is what makes it a rough estimate. I then filtered treatments
to include only those that used cold stratification which resulted in a 52%
germination estimate. I use 52% for the Rule of 3s equation.
Table 4. Rule of 3s Machine
n=
|
0.52
|
N=
|
3
|
/
|
n
|
|||
N=
|
3
|
/
|
0.52
|
|||||
N=
|
5.769231
|
Coincidentally, this is the same percent I obtained for the
Baptisia germination estimate. My result is 5.769231, and as I can't have partial seeds, this would round to 6 seeds. I used the Rule of 3s equation to determine I
need 6 seeds per cup to have 95% confidence I will have 1 plant grow. Ellison
used 10 seeds per plate to determine germination percentages for Sarracenia
species. I will follow his example. Also I had 10 seeds available for 10 per cup. I also note Ellison used 5 replicates per
species, I will use 8 for most of the species I plan to plant, and this
includes the Sarracenia species.
Figure 1. Shelf One Chart
Figure 2. Shelf Two Chart
Figure 3. Key to Chart
The charts are complex,
as is the experiment. Cups of species were split is half for each shelf. This
division would allow comparison of shelves after data collection. Cups were
randomly placed using a number generator. Random placement was used to reduce
bias and account for any location affects. Previously for the Portulaca
experiment, plants were randomly placed every week. Weekly placement was time
consuming for the single shelf of 98 units. Now with 3 shelves of 216, time
would not be available for weekly placement.
Here I determined
species, amount of cups, amount of seeds, amount to plant, and randomized
location for the Carnivorous Plant Portion of the 2017 Planting.
Table 5. Total seeds for Carnivorous Plant Portion of the 2017 Planting
Species Assignment
|
Cups
|
Seeds
|
SMF
|
8
|
80
|
SMM
|
8
|
80
|
SMS
|
8
|
80
|
SMH
|
8
|
80
|
SO
|
8
|
80
|
SO-2
|
8
|
80
|
SA
|
8
|
80
|
SA-2
|
8
|
80
|
VFT
|
8
|
80
|
RX
|
8
|
80
|
RXA
|
8
|
80
|
DC
|
8
|
80
|
DF
|
8
|
80
|
US
|
8
|
80
|
DT
|
2
|
20
|
DB
|
3
|
30
|
***SMV2xRXAxDF
|
8
|
320
|
***SOxRXAxDF
|
8
|
320
|
***SAxRXAxDF
|
8
|
320
|
nothing
|
3
|
0
|
Total
|
144
|
2130
|
***Competition cups contain 10 seeds of 4 species: DC, DF, RXA, and a Sarracenia species.
seeds per Baptisia
|
7
|
seeds per carnivorous
|
10
|
Baptisia cups
|
72
|
carnivorous cups
|
144
|
minus empty
|
3
|
plus competition adjustment
|
48
|
seems total
|
189
|
Baptisia
|
504
|
Carnivorous
|
2130
|
Total
seeds
|
2634
|
Thank you for looking,
comment if you would like to.
Have a nice day!
Citations if not linked
within the text:
Connor, K and H Gibbs. 2012. Germination
and field survival of white-topped pitcher plant seeds. In J Kush, comp.
Proceedings of the Eighth Longleaf Alliance Regional Conference. Longleaf
Alliance Report No. 16:42-46.
Ellison, A. 2011. Interspecific and intraspecific
variation in seed size and germination requirements of Sarracenia
(Sarraceniaceae). American Journal of Botany, 88(3):429-437.
Gotsch, S and A Ellison. 1998. Seed
germination of the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Northeastern Naturalist,
5(2):175-182.
Northcutt, C et al. 2012. Germination in
vitro, micropropagation, and cryogenic storage for three rare pitcher plants:
Sarracenia oreophila (Kearney) Wherry (Federally Endangered), S. leucophylla
Raf., and S. purpurea spp. venosa (Raf.) Wherry. HortScience 47(1):74-80.
Schwaegerle, K. 1983. Population growth
of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purprea L., at Cranberry Bog, Licking County,
Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science, 83(1):19-22.
Sheridan, P. 1997. Genetics of Sarracenia
leaf and flower color. Carnivorous Plant newsletter, 26:51-64.
Sheridan, P and D Karowe. 2000.
Inbreeding, outbreeding, and heterosis in the yellow pitcher plant, Sarracenia
flava (Sarraceniaceae), in Virginia. American Journal of Botany
87(11):1628-1633.
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